1. Salesforce platform and architecture fundamentals

• Understanding the Salesforce Platform: An overview of Salesforce architecture, including the multi-tenant environment, the Force.com platform, and the role of Metadata and APIs.
• Declarative vs. Programmatic Development: How to use Salesforce's declarative tools versus programmatic approaches.
• Salesforce Development Tools: An introduction to the Developer Console, VS Code with Salesforce Extensions, and Salesforce CLI (Command-Line Interface).
• Salesforce Data Model: Understanding standard objects, creating custom objects and fields, establishing relationships (Lookup, Master-Detail, Junction Objects), and using Schema Builder. 

2. Apex programming language

• Apex Fundamentals: Variables, data types (primitive, sObject, collection), operators, and control flow statements.
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Apex: Classes, objects, constructors, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces.
• Apex Governor Limits: Understanding and respecting the Salesforce platform's execution limits.
• Apex Triggers: Creating and managing Apex triggers to automate actions before or after DML (Data Manipulation Language) events.
• SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language) and SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language): Querying and searching data within the Salesforce database.
• DML Statements: Inserting, updating, deleting, and undeleting records in Apex.
• Batch Apex: Processing large datasets asynchronously to handle large volumes of records that might exceed governor limits.
• Scheduling Apex: Scheduling Apex classes to run at specific times or intervals.
• Exception Handling: Implementing robust error handling using try, catch, and finally blocks in Apex. 

3. Visualforce development

• Visualforce Basics: Understanding Visualforce, the tag-based markup language for building custom user interfaces on the Lightning platform.
• Visualforce Pages and Controllers: Creating Visualforce pages, associating them with standard controllers, custom controllers, or controller extensions to define page logic.
• Standard Controllers: Leveraging built-in functionality for interacting with Salesforce records.
• Custom Controllers and Extensions: Writing Apex classes to implement custom logic and extend standard controller functionality.
• Visualforce Components: Using and customizing Visualforce tags to build user interfaces.
• Styling and Branding: Styling Visualforce pages using standard or custom CSS and incorporating Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS) styling. 

4. Lightning web components (LWC)

• Introduction to LWC: Understanding LWC's architecture, benefits, and how it aligns with modern web standards.
• LWC Development Basics: Creating components, understanding component structure (HTML templates, JavaScript controllers, CSS styling), and working with decorators (@api, @track, @wire).
• Data Binding and Component Communication: Handling data binding, managing events, and facilitating communication between parent and child components.
• Integrating LWC with Apex: Calling Apex methods from LWC components (imperatively and using @wire) and handling responses.
• Lightning Data Service (LDS): Using LDS for efficient and declarative data access and manipulation in LWC.
• Lifecycle Hooks: Understanding and implementing LWC lifecycle hooks to control component behavior at different stages.
• Deployment and Packaging LWC Components: Deploying LWC to Salesforce Orgs and packaging for distribution. 

5. Integrations and APIs

• Understanding Salesforce APIs: Overview of different APIs like REST API, SOAP API, Bulk API, and Streaming API.
• Connecting to External Systems: Making HTTP callouts from Apex to integrate with external systems.
• Defining WebService Classes: Exposing Apex methods as web services for external systems to consume.
• Integrating with Other Salesforce Instances: Using APIs to integrate data between different Salesforce organizations. 

6. Testing, debugging, and deployment

• Apex Testing: Writing effective unit tests for Apex classes and triggers to ensure code quality and achieve the required code coverage.
• Test Data Management: Creating and managing test data for comprehensive testing.
• Debugging Techniques: Using the Developer Console, debug logs, and anonymous blocks to identify and resolve issues in Apex code and other components.
• Deployment Methods: Understanding and using various deployment methods like Change Sets, Metadata API, Salesforce DX, and DevOps Center.
• Version Control and CI/CD: Introduction to using version control systems like Git and implementing Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines for efficient development and deployment. 

7. Best practices and security

• Apex Code Best Practices: Writing bulkified Apex code, avoiding SOQL/DML inside loops, optimizing SOQL queries, and implementing proper error handling.
• LWC Best Practices: Following best practices for creating efficient and maintainable Lightning Web Components.
• Salesforce Security for Developers: Understanding the Salesforce security model (OWD, roles, profiles, permission sets, sharing rules, FLS) and implementing secure coding practices.
• Performance Optimization: Optimizing Apex code and UI components for better performance.