1. C++ fundamentals

• Introduction to C++: Understanding the history, features, and advantages of C++, the process of writing, compiling, and running C++ programs.
• Basic Syntax: Variables, data types, operators, and control structures (if/else statements, loops).
• Functions: Defining and calling functions, parameter passing (by value, by reference, by pointer), function overloading, default arguments, and inline functions.
• Arrays and Strings: Declaring, initializing, and manipulating arrays, including multidimensional arrays and working with C-style strings.
• Pointers and References: Understanding memory addresses, using pointers for direct memory manipulation, dynamic memory allocation with new and delete, and the concept of references. 

2. Object-oriented programming (OOP)

• Classes and Objects: Defining classes as blueprints for objects, creating objects, understanding the relationship between classes and objects.
• Access Specifiers: Managing visibility and access to class members using public, private, and protected specifiers.
• Constructors and Destructors: Understanding their purpose, defining different types of constructors (default, parameterized, copy), and their role in object creation and destruction.
• Encapsulation and Abstraction: Binding data and methods within a class, and hiding implementation details while exposing only essential features.
• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing ones, understanding different types of inheritance (single, multiple, hierarchical, multilevel, hybrid), and their use in code reuse and building hierarchies.
• Polymorphism: Using virtual functions and function/operator overloading to achieve different behaviors based on object types or data types.
• Friend Functions and Friend Classes: Declaring functions or classes as friends to grant special access privileges to private and protected members of a class. 

3. Advanced C++ features

• Templates: Defining generic functions and classes using function templates and class templates for working with various data types.
• Exception Handling: Using try, catch, and throw keywords to manage runtime errors and ensure program stability.
• File I/O and Streams: Working with files for input and output operations, using stream classes (like ifstream, ofstream) to interact with files.
• Standard Template Library (STL): The STL provides ready-to-use data structures (containers like vectors, lists, maps, sets) and algorithms for common operations like sorting and searching.
• Concurrency and Multithreading: Understanding threads, managing shared resources with locks and condition variables, and parallel programming techniques.
• Modern C++ Features: Exploring newer features introduced in C++11, C++14, C++17, and later, including smart pointers, lambda expressions, and move semantics. 

4. Projects and practical application

• Working on practical coding exercises and projects to apply the learned concepts in real-world scenarios.
• Developing applications like calculators, games, simulations, or simple database systems to gain hands-on experience.
• Solving coding problems and participating in coding contests to improve problem-solving skills and competitive programming skills.